The Basic Rules Of Tajweed www.islamicbulletin.org The Islamic Bulletin The Basic Rules Of Tajweed (Hafs) Recitation ______________________ UNDERSTANDING THE LETTERS There are over seventy rules of tajweed but below are some of the basic principles. _______________________________ Makhraj- Origin The 29 Arabic letters originate from 17 places in the mouth giving each letter a distinct sound. During recitation the sound of each letter must be pronounced clearly. Sifat-Attributes Each letter is pronounced in a particular way; some are soft or sharp with abrupt or soft endings. Tanween-Nunation When there is a double fatha or double kasra , you add the ‘n’ sound to the letter. Saakin-Vowel Omission When you add a Sukoon on a letter, it’s called Saakin. For example, Noon Saakin . An Arabic syllable can be open (ending with a vowel) or closed (ending with a consonant). Closed syllables are denoted by Sukkon . So Noon Saakin is the letter Noon without a vowel ending. Mushaddad-Gemination A letter with a Shadda on top is called Mushaddad. The consonant is doubled. Instead of writing the letter twice, Arabic places a W-shaped sign called Shadda , above it. Huroofe Halaqi-Throat Letters The following letters are called huroofe halaqi because they originate from the halaq(throat): ءھ ع غ ح خ THE SOUNDS Ikhfa Ikhfa means to pronounce the letter with a light sound from the nose and is applied when any of the following letters appear after a noon saakin or tanween : ش س ز ذ د ج ث ت ك ق ف ظ ط ض ص _______________________________ Ghunna When the letter noon has a shadda or a meem ,it is pronounced through the nose. _______________________________ Noon Saakin & Tanween When there is a noon saakin or tanween the following rules apply: Izhar: If hurrofe halaqi appears after noon saakin or tanween, there is no nasal sound. Idgham: If ون ل رم ي appear incorporated with noon saakin or tanween it is pronounced with a nasal sound. Qalb: If the letter Baa( ب )appears after the noon saakin or tanween , the letter noon( ن )is changed into meem and is recited with a nasal sound. Ikhafa: There is a light nasal sound when the following letters appear after the noon saakin and tanween : ش س ز ذ د ج ث ت ك ق ف ظ ط ض ص Meem Saakin The following rules are applied with meem saakin : Izhar: If hurrofe halaqi appears after meem saakin , there is no nasal sound, except for letters baa (ب ) and meem . Idgham: If mem saakin appears after another meem appear, they are incorporated.Ikhfa: When the letter baa ( ب ) appears after meem saakin there will be a slight nasal sound. SPECIAL LETTERS Ra The letter Ra can be pronounced in a strong sounding ‘full mouth’ or in a light sounding ’empty mouth’. Pronounced with full mouth when: Ra has fatha or a dhamma There is a fatha or a dhamma before a Ra saakin There is a fatha or a dhamma and a shadda on Ra Pronounced with empty mouth when: Ra has a kasra below it There is a kasra before a Ra saakin There is a kasra and a shadda on Ra There is a Yaa Saakin before a Ra and you decide to stop in the sentence Laam The letter Laam can also be pronounced with a full mouth or an empty mouth. Full mouth: fatha or a dhamma appears before the word Allah( ﷲ ) The laam in Allah ( ﷲ ) is pronounced with a full mouth. Empty mouth: kasra appears before the word Allah ( ﷲ ). The laam in Allah( ﷲ ) is pronounced with empty mouth. Elongation (Maad) The following vowels elongate the consonant that precedes them: that has a fatha Alif Saakin before it Waaw Saakin has a dhamma before it Yaa Saakin has a kasra before it. Waaw Saakin and Yaa Saakin has a fatha before it.
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