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391.
Abu Abdullah bin Tariq bin Ashyam (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH)
said,
"He who professes La ilaha illallah (There is no true god except Allah), and denies of everything which the
people worship besides Allah, his property and blood become inviolable, and it is for Allah to call him to account".
[Muslim].
392
لﺎﻗ ، ﻪﻨﻋ ﻪﱠﻠﻟا ﻲﺿر ، ِدَﻮْﺳَﻷا ِﻦﺑ ِداَﺪْﻘﻤﻟا ٍﺪﺒْﻌَﻣ ﻲﺑأ ﻦﻋو
:
ﻢﱠﻠَﺳو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﷲا ﻰّﻠَﺻ ﻪﱠﻠﻟا ِلﻮُﺳِﺮﻟ ﺖﻠﻗ
:
َرَأ
ِﻣ َذﻻ ﱠﻢُﺛ ﺎَﻬﻌَﻄَﻘَﻓ ، ِﻒْﻴﱠﺴﻟﺎِﺑ ﱠيَﺪَﻳ ىَﺪْﺣِإ َبَﺮَﻀَﻓ ، ﺎَﻨْﻠَﺘَﺘْﻗﺎَﻓ ، ِرﺎﱠﻔُﻜﻟا َﻦِﻣ ًﻼُﺟَر ُﺖﻴﻘَﻟ ْنِإ َﺖْﻳَأ
لﺎﻘﻓ ، ٍةَﺮَﺠَﺸِﺑ ﻲﱢﻨ
:
َلﺎَﻘَﻓ ؟ ﺎﻬَﻟﺎَﻗ ْنَأ َﺪْﻌَﺑ ﻪﱠﻠﻟا َلﻮﺳر ﺎﻳ ُﻪُﻠُﺘْﻗَأَأ ، ِﻪﱠﻠﻟ ُﺖْﻤَﻠْﺳَأ
:
»
ُﻪْﻠُﺘْﻘَﺗ ﻻ
«
ْﻠُﻘَﻓ ،
، ﱠيَﺪَﻳ ىَﺪﺣِإ َﻊﻄﻗ ِﻪﱠﻠﻟا َلﻮُﺳر ﺎﻳ ُﺖ
لﺎﻘﻓ ؟ ﺎﻬَﻌﻄَﻗ ﺎﻣَﺪْﻌَﺑ َﻚﻟذ لﺎﻗ ﱠﻢُﺛ
:
»
ُﻪَﻠُﺘْﻘَﺗ ْنأ َﻞْﺒَﻗ َﻚِﺘَﻟِﺰَﻨﻤِﺑ ُﻪﱠﻧِﺈَﻓ ، ُﻪَﺘْﻠَﺘَﻗ ْنِﺈِﻓ ، ُﻪْﻠُﺘْﻘَﺗ ﻻ
.
ْنَأ َﻞْﺒَﻗ ِﻪِﺘَﻟِﺰْﻨَﻤِﺑ َﻚﱠﻧِإَو
لﺎﻗ ﻲﺘﻟا ُﻪَﺘَﻤِﻠَآ َلﻮُﻘَﻳ
«
ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ٌﻖﻔﺘﻣ
.
ﻰﻨﻌﻣو
»
ﻚِﺘَﻟِﺰْﻨَﻤِﺑ ُﻪﱠﻧِإ
«
ْيَأ
:
ﻰﻨﻌﻣو ، ِﻪِﻣﻼْﺳِﺈِﺑ ٌمﻮُﻜْﺤَﻣ ِمﱠﺪﻟا ُمﻮُﺼْﻌَﻣ
»
ﻪﺘَﻟِﺰْﻨَﻤِﺑ َﻚﱠﻧإ
«
ْيَأ
:
ِمﱠﺪﻟا ُحﺎَﺒُﻣ
ﻢﻠﻋأ ﻪﱠﻠﻟاو ، ِﺮْﻔُﻜْﻟا ﻲﻓ ِﻪِﺘَﻟِﺰْﻨَﻤِﺑ ُﻪﱠﻧَأ ﻻ ، ِﻪِﺘَﺛَرَﻮِﻟ صﺎَﺼِﻘْﻟﺎِﺑ
.
392.
Al-Miqdad bin Al-Aswad (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: I said, "Tell me, O Messenger of Allah, if
I meet an infidel, and we fight together, and he cuts off my hands with his sword, then hides from me behind a tree
and (then) says he has submitted himself to Allah. Shall I kill him after he has said it?'' He (PBUH) replied,
"Do not
kill him.'' I submitted
, "But O Messenger of Allah, he cut off one of my hands and only then he said it.'' Messenger
of Allah (PBUH) then replied,
"Do not kill him, for if you do so, he will be in the position in which you were before
you killed him (i.e., he will be considered a Muslim and thus his life will be inviolable), and you will be in the
position in which he was before he made his testimony (i.e., your life will not be inviolable, for his heirs can ask for
Qisas)".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary:
This Hadith tells us that injunctions of Islam will be enforced on a person according to his apparent
condition not his insight. The reason being that nobody is capable of knowing the insight of others. When a person
professes Islam, we have to accept him a Muslim; and it will be our duty to protect his life and property. If, in spite
of knowing that his life and property are sacred, a Muslim murders him, then it will be quite fair for the heirs of the
victim to have Qisas for the murder. If the murderer poses ignorance or takes shelter of some reason, then he will be
liable for Diyah only. The Prophet (PBUH) arranged payment of Diyah to the heirs of the victim in the case
mentioned in this Hadith because some of the Companions of the Prophet (PBUH) had advanced the argument that
the murderer had slain the victim on the presumption that he had professed Islam just to save his life.
393
لﺎﻗ ، ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻋ ﻪﱠﻠﻟا ﻲﺿر ، ٍﺪْﻳَز ِﻦﺑ َﺔﻣﺎﺳُأ ﻦﻋو
:
ﱠﻠﻟا ُلﻮﺳر ﺎَﻨَﺜﻌﺑ
ْﻦِﻣ ِﺔَﻗَﺮُﺤﻟا ﻰﻟإ ﻢﱠﻠَﺳو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﷲا ﻰّﻠَﺻ ﻪ
ﻨﻴِﺸَﻏ ﺎﱠﻤَﻠَﻓ ْﻢُﻬﻨِﻣ ًﻼُﺟَر ِرﺎَﺼْﻧَﻷا َﻦِﻣ ٌﻞُﺟَرَو ﺎَﻧَأ ُﺖْﻘِﺤﻟَو ، ْﻢﻬِهﺎﻴِﻣ ﻰﻠَﻋ َمْﻮَﻘْﻟا ﺎﻨْﺤﱠﺒَﺼَﻓ ، َﺔَﻨْﻴَﻬُﺟ
لﺎﻗ ُﻩﺎ
:
ﱠﻻإ ِﻪﻟِإ ﻻ
ُﻪُﺘْﻨَﻌَﻃَو ، ﱡيِرﺎﺼْﻧَﻷا ُﻪْﻨَﻋ ﱠﻒَﻜَﻓ ، ﻪﱠﻠﻟا
ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﷲا ﻰّﻠَﺻ ﱠﻲِﺒﱠﻨﻟا َﻚِﻟذ َﻎَﻠﺑ ، َﺔَﻨﻳﺪَﻤﻟا ﺎَﻨْﻣِﺪَﻗ ﺎﱠﻤَﻠَﻓ ، ُﻪُﺘْﻠَﺘَﻗ ﻰﱠﺘَﺣ ﻲِﺤِﻣْﺮِﺑ
ﻲﻟ لﺎﻘﻓ ، ﻢﱠﻠَﺳو
:
»
َلﺎَﻗ ﺎﻣ َﺪْﻌَﺑ ُﻪَﺘْﻠَﺘَﻗَأ ُﺔﻣﺎﺳُأ ﺎﻳ
:
؟ ُﻪﱠﻠﻟا ﱠﻻِإ َﻪﻟِإ ﻻ
ُﺖﻠﻗ :
َلﺎَﻘَﻓ ، ًاذﱢﻮَﻌَﺘُﻣ َنﺎَآ ﺎَﻤﱠﻧِإ ﻪﱠﻠﻟا َلﻮﺳر ﺎﻳ
:
»
،؟ُﻪﱠﻠﻟا ﱠﻻِإ َﻪﻟِإ ﻻ َلﺎَﻗ ﺎَﻣ َﺪْﻌَﺑ ُﻪَﺘْﻠَﺘًﻗَأ
«
ِمْﻮَﻴْﻟا َﻚِﻟذ َﻞْﺒَﻗ ُﺖْﻤَﻠْﺳَأ ْﻦُآَأ ْﻢَﻟ ﻲﱢﻧَأ ُﺖْﻴﱠﻨﻤَﺗ ﻰﱠﺘَﺣ ﱠﻲَﻠَﻋ ﺎَهُرﱢﺮَﻜُﻳ َلاَز ﺎﻤَﻓ
.
ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ٌﻖﻔـﺘﻣ
.
ٍﺔﻳاور ﻲﻓو
:
ﻢﱠﻠَﺳو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﷲا ﻰّﻠَﺻ ﻪﱠﻠﻟا ُلﻮﺳر َلﺎﻘَﻓ
:
» َلﺎَﻗَأ
:
،؟ ُﻪَﺘْﻠَﺘَﻗَو ُﻪﱠﻠﻟا ﱠﻻِإ َﻪﻟِإ ﻻ
ُﺖﻠﻗ :
، ِﻪﱠﻠﻟا َلﻮﺳر ﺎﻳ
لﺎﻗ ، ِحﻼﱢﺴﻟا َﻦِﻣ ًﺎﻓْﻮَﺧ ﺎَﻬَﻟﺎَﻗ ﺎَﻤﱠﻧِإ
:
»
،؟ﻻ ْمَأ ﺎَﻬَﻟﺎَﻗَأ َﻢَﻠْﻌَﺗ ﻰﱠﺘَﺣ ِﻪِﺒْﻠَﻗ ْﻦَﻋ َﺖْﻘَﻘَﺷ ﻼَﻓَأ
«
ﻰﱠﺘَﺣ ﺎَهُرﱢﺮَﻜُﻳ َلاَز ﺎَﻤَﻓ
ٍﺬﺌﻣْﺆَﻳ ُﺖْﻤَﻠْﺳَأ ﻲﱢﻧَأ ُﺖْﻴﱠﻨَﻤَﺗ
.
«
ﺔﻗﺮﺤﻟا
«
ءاﺮﻟا ﺢﺘﻓو ﺔﻠﻤﻬﻤﻟا ءﺎﺤﻟا ﻢﻀﺑ
:
ًاذﻮﻌﺘﻣ ﻪﻟﻮﻗو ، ﺔﻓوﺮﻌﻤﻟا ﺔﻠﻴﺒﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻄﺑ
: يأ
ﺎﻬﻟ ًاﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻻ ﻞﺘﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺑ ًﺎﻤﺼﺘﻌﻣ
.
393.
Usamah bin Zaid (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) sent us to Huraqat,
a tribe of Juhainah. We attacked that tribe early in the morning and defeated them,
(then)
a man from the Ansar and
I caught hold of a man (of the defeated tribe). When we overcame him, he said: `La ilaha illallah (There is no true
god except Allah).' At that moment, the Ansari spared him, but I attacked him with my spear and killed him. By the
time we went back to Al-Madinah, news had already reached Messenger of Allah (PBUH). He said to me, "
O
Usamah, did you kill him after he professed La ilaha illallah (There is no true god except Allah)?'
' I said, "O
Messenger of Allah! He professed it only to save his life.'' Messenger of Allah (PBUH) repeated,
"Did you kill him
after he had professed La ilaha illallah?
'' He went on repeating this to me until I wished I had not embraced Islam
before that day (so that I would have not committed this sin).
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
179
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