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Then Thauban (May Allah be pleased with him) never begged anything from anyone.
[Abu Dawud].
Commentary:
Not to seek any kind of aid from anybody means that a request should not be made as such without
need. Because in the hour of need a man is permitted by the Shari`ah to request somebody to meet his requirement.
Yet, if on such occasions he still avoids begging of anybody, it will reflect a very high point of his scrupulous
uprightness. Later Thauban (May Allah be pleased with him) adopted this way. Ibn Majah says in his Sunan that if
from the horseback his whip fell on the ground, instead of seeking the help of anybody he would himself get down
and pick it up.
536
لﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻪﱠﻠﻟا ﻲﺿر ِقِرﺎَﺨُﻤﻟا ﻦﺑ َﺔَﺼﻴِﺒَﻗ ٍﺮْﺸِﺑ ﻲﺑأ ﻦﻋو
:
ُﷲا ﻰّﻠَﺻ ﻪﱠﻠﻟا َلﻮُﺳَر ُﺖْﻴَﺗَﺄَﻓ ًﺔَﻟﺎَﻤﺣ ﺖْﻠﱠﻤﺤَﺗ
لﺎﻘﻓ ، ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ُﻪُﻟَﺄْﺳَأ ﻢﱠﻠَﺳو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ
:
»
ﺎﻬِﺑ َﻚﻟ َﺮُﻣْﺄﻨَﻓ ُﺔَﻗَﺪﱠﺼﻟا ﺎَﻨﻴِﺗْﺄَﺗ ﻰﱠﺘَﺣ ْﻢِﻗَأ
«
لﺎﻗ ﱠﻢُﺛ
:
»
ﱠنِإ ُﺔَﺼﻴِﺒَﻗ َﺎﻳ
ﻻ َﺔَﻟَﺄﺴَﻤﻟا
ٍﺔَﺛﻼَﺛ ِﺪَﺣَﻷ ﱠﻻِإ ﱡﻞِﺤَﺗ
:
ُﻚِﺴْﻤُﻳ ﱠﻢُﺛ ، ﺎﻬَﺒﻴﺼُﻳ ﻰﱠﺘَﺣ ُﺔَﻟَﺄْﺴَﻤﻟا ُﻪَﻟ ْﺖﱠﻠَﺤَﻓ ، ًﺔَﻟﺎﻤﺣ َﻞﱠﻤَﺤَﺗ ٌﻞُﺟَر
.
ٌﺔَﺤِﺋﺎﺟ ُﻪْﺘَﺑﺎﺻَأ ٌﻞُﺟرو
ﻗ ْوَأ ، ٍﺶْﻴﻋ ْﻦِﻣ ًﺎﻣاَﻮِﻗ َﺐﻴِﺼُﻳ ﻰﱠﺘَﺣ ُﺔَﻟَﺄﺴَﻤﻟا ُﻪﻟ ْﺖﱠﻠَﺤَﻓ ، ُﻪَﻟﺎﻣ ْﺖَﺣﺎَﺘْﺟا
لﺎ :
ُﻪْﺘَﺑﺎﺻَأ ٌﻞُﺟَرو ، ٍﺶْﻴَﻋ ْﻦِﻣ ًاداﺪِﺳ
ِﻪِﻣْﻮَﻗ ْﻦِﻣ ﻰَﺠِﺤﻟا يوَذ ْﻦِﻣ ٌﺔَﺛﻼﺛ َلﻮُﻘﻳ ﻰﺘَﺣ ، ﺔَﻗﺎﻓ
:
َﺐﻴِﺼُﻳ ﻰﱠﺘﺣ ُﺔﻟَﺄْﺴﻤﻟا ُﻪَﻟ ْﺖﱠﻠﺤﻓ ، ٌﺔَﻗﺎَﻓ ًﺎﻧﻼُﻓ ْﺖَﺑﺎَﺻَأ ْﺪَﻘَﻟ
َلﺎﻗ ْوَأ ، ٍﺶْﻴَﻋ ْﻦِﻣ ًﺎﻣاﻮِﻗ
:
ٍﺶْﻴَﻋ ْﻦِﻣ ًاداﺪِﺳ
.
َﻦِﻣ ﱠﻦُهاﻮِﺳ ﺎَﻤَﻓ
ًﺎﺘْﺤُﺳ ﺎﻬُﺒِﺣﺎﺻ ﺎﻬُﻠُآَﺄﻳ ، ٌﺖْﺤُﺳ ُﺔَﺼﻴِﺒَﻗ ﺎﻳ ِﺔَﻟَﺄﺴَﻤﻟا
«
ﻢﻠﺴﻣ ُﻩاور
.
«
ُﺔَﻟﺎﻤﺤﻟا
«
ِءﺎﺤﻟا ﺢﺘﻔﺑ
:
ُﻪُﻣِﺰَﺘْﻠﻳو ُﻪُﻠﱠﻤَﺤَﺘَﻳ ٍلﺎﻣ ﻰﻠَﻋ ْﻢﻬﻨْﻴﺑ ٌنﺎَﺴْﻧِإ ُﺢﻠﺼُﻴَﻓ ، ِﻦﻴَﻘﻳِﺮَﻓ ﻦﻴَﺑ ُﻩُﻮﺤﻧَو ٌلﺎَﺘِﻗ َﻊَﻘَﻳ ْنَأ
ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻰﻠَﻋ
. و
»
ُﺔَﺤِﺋﺎﺠﻟا
«
:
ُﺔَﻓﻵا
ِنﺎﺴْﻧِﻹا َلﺎﻣ ُﺐﻴِﺼُﺗ
. و
» ُماﻮَﻘﻟا
«
ﺎﻬﺤﺘﻓو فﺎﻘﻟا ﺮﺴﻜﺑ
:
ِﻪِﺑ ُمﻮﻘﻳ ﺎﻣ َﻮه
و ِﻩِﻮﺤﻧو ٍلﺎَﻣ ْﻦِﻣ ِنﺎﺴْﻧِﻹا ُﺮْﻣَأ
» ُداﺪﱢﺴﻟا
«
ﻦﻴﺴﻟا ﺮﺴﻜﺑ
:
و ، ِﻪﻴِﻔْﻜَﻳو ِزِﻮْﻌُﻤﻟا َﺔﺟﺎﺣ ﱡﺪــُــﺴَﻳ ﺎَﻣ
» ُﺔَﻗﺎَﻔﻟا
«
:
ُﺮْﻘَﻔﻟا
. و
» ﻰَﺠِﺤﻟا
«
: ُﻞﻘﻌﻟا
.
536.
Qabisah bin Al-Mukhariq (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: I stood as surety for a debt and came to
Messenger of Allah (PBUH) to seek his help in discharging it. Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "
Wait till we
receive charity and I shall give you out of it.'
' He (PBUH) added,
"O Qabisah, begging is not lawful except for three
people. One who has incurred debt (for assuming guarantee), for him begging is permissible till the guarantee is
discharged and he should then refrain; a person whose property has been destroyed by a calamity is allowed to beg
till he attains self-sufficiency; a person who meets with dire necessity (due to hunger) provided that three men of
understanding from his people affirm the genuineness (of his poverty), for him begging is lawful till he attains
means of his subsistence. Other than these, O Qabisah, anything received through begging is unlawful, its recipient
devours it unlawfully.''
[Muslim].
Commentary:
This Hadith explicitly tells us about the three types of men who are allowed to beg of others. A
detailed description has already been mentioned above.
537
لﺎﻗ ﻢﱠﻠَﺳو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﷲا ﻰّﻠَﺻ ﻪﱠﻠﻟا َلﻮُﺳر ﱠنَأ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻪﱠﻠﻟا َﻲﺿر ةﺮﻳﺮه ﻲﺑأ ﻦﻋو
:
»
يِﺬﱠﻟا ُﻦﻴِﻜْﺴِﻤﻟا ِﺲْﻴَﻟ
َو ، ِنﺎﺘَﻤْﻘﱡﻠﻟاو ُﺔَﻤْﻘﱡﻠﻟا ُﻩﱡدُﺮَﺗ ِسﺎﱠﻨﻟا ﻰﻠَﻋ ُفﻮُﻄﻳ
، ِﻪﻴِﻨﻐُﻳ ﻰًﻨِﻏ ُﺪـِﺠﻳ ﻻ يِﺬﱠﻟا َﻦﻴِﻜْﺴِﻤﻟا ﱠﻦِﻜَﻟَو ، ِنﺎَﺗﺮْﻤﱠﺘﻟاو ُةَﺮْﻤﱠﺘﻟا
َسﺎﱠﻨﻟا َلَﺄْﺴﻴَﻓ ُمﻮُﻘَﻳ َﻻَو ، ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ َقﱠﺪﺼَﺘُﻴَﻓ ، ُﻪَﻟ ُﻦَﻄْﻔُﻳ َﻻَو
«
ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ٌﻖﻔﺘﻣ
.
537.
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "
A needy person is
not the one who goes from door to door, begging and is turned away with a morsel or two or with a date or two. But
a needy person is the one who does not have enough to live upon, and neither from his appearance it occurs that he
is needy and should be given alms, nor does he himself beg anything from others.''
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary:
The professional beggars and the truly needy have clearly been identified here. The point is that we
should try to find out deserving people and spend on them. Because, despite being needy, they do not wear a
professional look nor do they approach anybody to receive alms. In no way will it be counted as charity if we satisfy
ourselves by giving a few coins to a professional beggar whom we come across on the road
237
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