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Chapter 281
ﻪﻧذإ ﺮﻴﻐﺑ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟا نود ﻦﻴﻨﺛا ﻲﺟﺎﻨﺗ ﻦﻋ ﻲﻬﻨﻟا بﺎﺑ
ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟ ﻻإ
Prohibition of two Holding Secret Counsel to the Exclusion of Conversing
together a Third
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"
Secret counsels (conspiracies) are only from Shaitan (Satan)
.'' (58:10)
1598
َلﻮُﺳر ﱠنأ ﺎَﻤُﻬْﻨﻋ ﻪﱠﻠﻟا ﻲﺿر َﺮَﻤُﻋ ِﻦْﺑا ﻦﻋو
لﺎَﻗ ﻢﱠﻠَﺳو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﷲا ﻰّﻠَﺻ ِﻪﱠﻠﻟا
:
»
ﻼَﻓ ،ًﺔَﺛﻼَﺛ اﻮُﻧﺎَآ اذإ
ِﺚِﻟﺎﱠﺜﻟا َنوُد ِنﺎَﻨْﺛا ﻰَﺟﺎَﻨَﺘَﻳ
«
ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ٌﻖﻔﺘﻣ
.
دازَو دواد ﻮﺑأ ﻩاورو
:
ﺢﻟﺎﺻ ﻮُﺑأ َلﺎَﻗ
:
َﺮﻤُﻋ ِﻦْﺑﻻ ُﺖْﻠُﻗ
:
َلﺎَﻗ ؟ ﺔﻌﺑرﺄﻓ
:
َكﱡﺮﻀﻳ ﻻ «
.
ﻲﻓ ﻚﻟﺎﻣ ﻩاورو
» ﺄﻃﻮُﻤﻟا
«
:
ْﺒﻋ ْﻦﻋ
َلﺎَﻗ ٍرﺎَﻨﻳِد ِﻦﺑ ِﻪﱠﻠﻟا ِﺪ
:
ﻲﺘﻟا َﺔَﺒﻘُﻋ ﻦﺑ ِﺪِﻟﺎﺧ ِراد ﺪﻨِﻋ َﺮﻤُﻋ ُﻦْﺑاَو ﺎَﻧأ ُﺖْﻨُآ
ﱠﻨُآ ﻰﱠﺘﺣ ﺮﺧﺁ ًﻼُﺟر َﺮﻤُﻋ ُﻦﺑا ﺎﻋﺪَﻓ ،يﺮْﻴَﻏ ٌﺪَﺣأ ﺮﻤُﻋ ِﻦﺑا ﻊﻣ ﺲْﻴَﻟو ، ُﻪَﻴِﺟﺎَﻨُﻳ ْنأ ُﺪﻳﺮُﻳ ٌﻞُﺟر َءﺎﺠَﻓ ، ِقﻮﱡﺴﻟا ﻲﻓ
ﺎ
ﺎﱠﺜﻟا ِﻞُﺟﱠﺮﻠﻟو ﻲﻟ لﺎﻘﻓ ، ًﺔَﻌَﺑْرأ
ﺎﻋَد يﺬﱠﻟا ِﺚِﻟ
:
ﻢﱠﻠَﺳو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﷲا ﻰّﻠَﺻ ﻪﱠﻠﻟا َلﻮُﺳر ُﺖْﻌِﻤَﺳ ﻲﱢﻧﺈﻓ ، ًﺎﺌْﻴَﺷ اﺮِﺧﺄَﺘْﺳا
ُلﻮُﻘَﻳ
:
»
ٍﺪﺣاَو َنود ِنﺎَﻨْﺛا ﻰَﺟﺎَﻨَﺘَﻳ ﻻ
«
.
1598.
Ibn `Umar (May Allah be pleased with them) said: the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said,
"In the presence of
three people, two should not hold secret counsel, to the exclusion of the third
.''
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
In Abu Dawud, Abu Salih related: I asked Ibn `Umar: "
What if there are four people.
'' He said, "
There is no harm in
that.
''
Malik reported in Al-Muwatta that `Abdullah bin Dinar related: Ibn `Umar and I were together in Khalid bin
`Uqbah's house which was situated in the market place. A man came to consult Ibn `Umar. None besides me was
present. Ibn `Umar called another man in and we became four and said to me and the man he had called: Move away
a bit because I have heard the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) saying, "The two people should not hold secret counsel
together excluding the third.''
Commentary:
This Hadith teaches us certain etiquettes of society. Ibn `Umar (May Allah be pleased with them)
called the fourth person so that he (
Ibn `Umar
) could hear the conversation of the man who wanted to speak to him
in isolation. He asked the other two to move to a distance so that they could not overhear what the person in question
wanted to say to him. Thus, we learn that in the presence of more than one person, two can speak to each other in
confidence. If there are four people, three of them are not permitted to speak in confidence leaving the fourth alone.
Moreover, this prohibition is for lawful matters only because in unlawful matters such private conversation is
altogether forbidden, even if there is no third person. The Noble Qur'an ordains:
"
O you who believe! When you hold secret counsel, do it not for sin and wrong and disobedience to the Messenger,
but do it for righteousness and self-restraint; and fear Allah, to Whom you shall be brought back
.'' (V.58:9)
1599
ﱠﻠَﺳو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﷲا ﻰّﻠَﺻ ِﻪﱠﻠﻟا َلﻮُﺳر ﱠنأ ُﻪﻨﻋ ﻪﱠﻠﻟا ﻲﺿر ٍدﻮُﻌْﺴﻣ ِﻦﺑا ﻦﻋَو
لﺎﻗ ﻢ :
»
ﻼَﻓ ،ﺔﺛﻼَﺛ ْﻢُﺘْﻨُآ اذإ
ُﻪُﻧِﺰﺤُﻳ َﻚﻟَذ ﱠنأ ﻞْﺟأ ْﻦِﻣ ، ِسﺎﱠﻨﻟﺎﺑ اﻮُﻄِﻠَﺘْﺨﺗ ﻰﱠﺘﺣ ِﺮَﺧﻵا َنوُد ِنﺎَﻨْﺛا ﻰﺟﺎَﻨَﺘَﻳ
«
ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ٌﻖﻔﺘﻣ
.
1599.
Ibn Mas`ud (May Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "
When three of you
are together, two of you must not converse privately ignoring the third till the number increases, lest the third should
be grieved
.''
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary:
This Hadith tells us that holding private counsel has been prohibited for the reason that it hurts the
feelings of the Muslim who is ignored; and to hurt the feelings of a Muslim is a great sin indeed. Allah says: "
And
those who annoy believing men and women undeservedly, bear on themselves the crime of slander and plain sin
.''
(33:58) Whispering of the two is permissible when all the three mix up in a crowd. Then the two can speak to each
other in confidence.
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