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Commentary:
Nobody pays respect to a slave, with a black complexion and small head at that. But the Hadith
brings such a man in focus to emphasize that obedience to a ruler is inescapable. The only condition is that his
governance should be confined to the Shari`ah framework without reference to his geographical, tribal and ethnic
background.
667
لﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻪﱠﻠﻟا ﻲﺿر ةﺮﻳﺮه ﻲﺑأ ﻦﻋو
:
ﻢﱠﻠَﺳو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﷲا ﻰّﻠَﺻ ِﻪﱠﻠﻟا ُلﻮُﺳر َلﺎﻗ
:
»
ُﺔﻋﺎﱠﻄﻟاَو ُﻊْﻤﱠﺴﻟا َﻚْﻴﻠﻋ
ﻚْﻴَﻠَﻋ ٍةَﺮَﺛَأو َﻚِهﺮْﻜَﻣو َﻚِﻄَﺸْﻨﻣَو َكِﺮْﺴُﻳو َكِﺮْﺴُﻋ ﻲﻓ
«
ﻢﻠﺴﻣ ُﻩاور
.
667.
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said,
"It is
obligatory upon you to listen and obey the orders of the ruler in prosperity and adversity, whether you are willing or
unwilling, or when someone is given undue preference to you.''
[Muslim].
Commentary:
Obedience to a ruler is indispensable in view of the collective interests of a community. A believer
has, therefore, been enjoined to obey the ruler in all circumstances rising above his personal interests, preferences
and psychological urges. The ruler, however, must not be obeyed if he breaks the Shari`ah rules.
668
لﺎﻗ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻋ ﻪﱠﻠﻟا ﻲﺿر وﺮﻤَﻋ ﻦﺑ ِﻪﱠﻠﻟا ِﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﻋو
:
، ٍﺮَﻔَﺳ ﻲﻓ ﻢﱠﻠَﺳو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﷲا ﻰّﻠَﺻ ِﻪﱠﻠﻟا لﻮﺳر ﻊَﻣ ﺎﱠﻨُآ
َو ، ُﻞِﻀَﺘْﻨﻳ ْﻦﻣ ﺎﱠﻨِﻣو ، ُﻩَءﺎﺒِﺧ ُﺢﻠﺼُﻳ ْﻦﻣ ﺎﱠﻨِﻤَﻓ ، ًﻻِﺰْﻨﻣ ﺎﻨْﻟَﺰَﻨَﻓ
ِﻪﱠﻠﻟا لﻮﺳر يدﺎَﻨُﻣ ىَدﺎﻧ ْذإ ،ِﻩِﺮَﺸَﺟ ﻲﻓ َﻮُه ْﻦَﻣ ﺎﱠﻨِﻣ
ﻢﱠﻠَﺳو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﷲا ﻰّﻠَﺻ
:
ٌﺔﻌِﻣﺎﺟ ةﻼﱠﺼﻟا
.
لﺎﻘﻓ ﻢﱠﻠَﺳو ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﷲا ﻰّﻠَﺻ ِﻪﱠﻠﻟا ِلﻮُﺳَر ﻰﻟإ ﺎَﻨْﻌﻤَﺘْﺟﺎﻓ
:
»
ْﻦُﻜَﻳ ْﻢَﻟ ُﻪﱠﻧإ
َﺘﱠﻣُأ ﱠلُﺪَﻳ ْنأ ِﻪْﻴَﻠﻋ ﺎﻘَﺣ َنﺎَآ ﱠﻻإ ﻲﻠْﺒَﻗ ﻲﺒﻧ
ِﻩِﺬه ْﻢُﻜَﺘﱠﻣُأ ﱠنإو ، ﻢُﻬﻟ ُﻪُﻤَﻠﻌﻳ ﺎﻣ ﱠﺮَﺷ ﻢُهَرِﺬﻨُﻳو ، ْﻢُﻬﻟ ُﻪُﻤَﻠْﻌﻳ ﺎﻣ ِﺮﻴَﺧ ﻰﻠَﻋ ُﻪ
ﺗو ، ًﺎﻀْﻌَﺑ ﺎﻬُﻀﻌَﺑ ُﻖﱢﻗﺮُﻳ ٌﻦَﺘِﻓ ُءﻲﺠﺗو ،ﺎَﻬَﻧوُﺮِﻜﻨُﺗ ٌرﻮُﻣُأو ٌءﻼﺑ ﺎَهَﺮِﺧﺁ ُﺐﻴِﺼُﻴَﺳو ، ﺎﻬِﻟﱠوَأ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬُﺘﻴﻓﺎَﻋ َﻞِﻌُﺟ
ءﻲﺠ
ُﻦِﻣﺆﻤﻟا ُلﻮُﻘﻴَﻓ ُﺔَﻨْﺘِﻔﻟا
:
ُﻦِﻣْﺆُﻤﻟا ُلﻮُﻘَﻴَﻓ ُﺔَﻨﺘِﻔﻟا ُءﻲﺠﺗو ، ُﻒِﺸَﻜْﻨَﺗ ﱠﻢُﺛ ، ﻲﺘَﻜِﻠْﻬُﻣ ِﻩِﺬه
:
ْنأ ﱠﺐَﺣَأ ْﻦَﻤَﻓ ، ِﻩِﺬه ِﻩِﺬه
ﻰﻟإ ِتْﺄَﻴَﻟو ، ِﺮِﺧﻵا ِمْﻮَﻴﻟاَو ِﻪﱠﻠﻟﺎِﺑ ُﻦِﻣْﺆُﻳ َﻮُهَو ﻪﺘﻴﻨﻣ ِﻪِﺗْﺄَﺘْﻠَﻓ ، َﺔﱠﻨﺠﻟا َﻞَﺧْﺪُﻳو ، ِرﺎﱠﻨﻟا ﻦﻋ َحَﺰْﺣَﺰُﻳ
ﱡﺐِﺤُﻳ يﺬﻟا ِسﺎﻨﻟا
ِﻪْﻴَﻟإ ﻰَﺗﺆُﻳ ْنَأ
.
ِﻪﺒْﻠَﻗ َةﺮَﻤﺛو ، ِﻩِﺪﻳ َﺔَﻘْﻔَﺻ ُﻩﺎَﻄْﻋَﺄَﻓ ًﺎﻣﺎﻣإ ﻊﻳﺎَﺑ ْﻦَﻣو
.
اﻮُﺑﺮْﺿﺎﻓ ، ُﻪُﻋزﺎﻨﻳ ُﺮَﺧﺁ َءﺎَﺟ ْنﺈَﻓ ، َعﺎَﻄَﺘْﺳا ِنإ ُﻪْﻌﻄُﻴﻠَﻓ
ِﺮَﺧﻵا َﻖُﻨُﻋ
«
ﻢﻠﺴﻣ ُﻩاور
.
ﻪﻟْﻮَﻗ
:
» ُﻞِﻀَﺘْﻨﻳ
«
يأ
:
بﺎﱠﺸﱡﻨﻟاو ﻞْﺒﱠﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻲْﻣﱠﺮﻟﺎﺑ ُﻖِﺑﺎﺴُﻳ
.
»
ُﺮَﺸَﺠﻟاو
«
ِءاﺮﻟﺎﺑو ﺔﻤﺠﻌﻤﻟا ﻦﻴﺸﻟاو ﻢﻴﺠﻟا ﺢﺘﻔﺑ
:
ﺎﻬَﻧﺎﻜَﻣ ُﺖﻴﺒَﺗو ﻰَﻋْﺮَﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﱡباوﱠﺪﻟا ﻲهو
.
ﻪﻟﻮﻗو :
»
ًﺎﻀﻌَﺑ ﺎَﻬُﻀْﻌﺑ ُﻖﱠﻗﺮُﻳ
«
يأ
:
، ًﺎﻘﻴِﻗر ًﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺎﻬَﻀﻌﺑ ُﺮﱢﻴﺼُﻳ
يأ
:
َلﱠوَﻷا ُﻖﱠﻗﺮُﻳ ﻲﻧﺎﱠﺜﻟﺎﻓ ، ُﻩَﺪْﻌﺑﺎﻣ ِﻢَﻈِﻌِﻟ ًﺎﻔﻴِﻔَﺧ
.
َﻞﻴﻗو :
ُﻩﺎﻨﻌﻣ :
ﺎﻬﻠﻳﻮْﺴﺗو ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺴْﺤﺘﺑ ٍ
ﺾْﻌﺑ ﻰﻟإ ﺎَﻬُﻀْﻌَﺑ ُقﱢﻮَﺸُﻳ
َﻞﻴﻗو :
ًﺎﻀْﻌَﺑ ﺎﻬُﻀﻌﺑ ُﻪﺒْﺸُﻳ
.
668.
`Abdullah bin `Amr (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: We accompanied Messenger of Allah (PBUH)
on a journey. We halted at a place to take a rest. Some of us began to set right their tents, others began to graze their
animals while others were engaged in competing with one another in archery when an announcer of Messenger of
Allah (PBUH) announced that people should gather for Salat. We gathered around the Messenger of Allah and he
((PBUH)) addressed us, saying,
"Every Prophet before me was under obligation to guide his followers to what he
knew was good for them and to warn the evil thing which he knew. As for this Ummah, it will have sound state and
in its early stage of existence; but the last phase of its existence, will be faced with trials and with things you do not
recognize. There will be tremendous trials, one after the other, and to each the believer will say, `That is it'.
Whenever a trial arrives the believer will say: `This is going to bring about my destruction.' When this passes,
another calamity will approach and he will say: `This surely is going to be my end.' Whosoever wishes to be
removed from the Fire (Hell) and admitted to Jannah should die with faith in Allah and the Last Day; and he should
treat others as he wishes to be treated. He who swears allegiance to an Imam, he should give him the pledge in
ratification and the sincerity of his heart. He should obey him to the best of his capacity. If another man comes
forward as a claimant (when one has already been installed), behead the second.''
[Muslim].
Commentary:
Here `its early stage' means the period of the Companions, of the Successors (of the Companions),
and of the Followers (of the Successors). In another Hadith, it has been called as the best era. In comparison with all
the succeeding periods, this period is surpassingly good, peaceful and blessed. Later would emerge, it was
prophesized, mischief after mischief, each being worse than the preceding one. Today, everybody sees the truth of
this prophecy like the light of day. By predicting the emergence of mischief, Messenger of Allah (PBUH) wanted to
warn his followers that they should keep themselves aloof from them. To them he further explained in advance the
precautionary measures, that is, to keep faith in Allah, to remain firm-footed in the belief in the Hereafter and to deal
with people fairly, attempting to be polite to them at the same time.
290
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